{"id":7580,"date":"2010-10-15T00:45:16","date_gmt":"2010-10-15T04:45:16","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/joshualandis.com\/blog\/?p=7580"},"modified":"2010-10-15T00:46:10","modified_gmt":"2010-10-15T04:46:10","slug":"drought-water-management-and-the-kurdish-question","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/joshualandis.com\/blog\/drought-water-management-and-the-kurdish-question\/","title":{"rendered":"Drought, Water Management, and the Kurdish Question"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2010\/10\/14\/world\/middleeast\/14syria.html\">Searching for Crumbs in Syria\u2019s Breadbasket<\/a><br \/>\nAn estimated 50,000 more families have migrated from rural areas this  year due to drought. A woman prepared dinner in a tent on the outskirts  of Al Raqqa.<br \/>\nBy ROBERT F. WORTH<br \/>\nPublished: October 13, 2010<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/graphics8.nytimes.com\/images\/2010\/10\/14\/world\/14syria_337-span\/SYRIA-popup.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"375\" \/>Refugees have left their farmlands and are living in tents in Al Raqqa,  Syria, because of a drought. Julien Goldstein for The New York Times<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>AR  RAQQAH, Syria \u2014 The farmlands spreading north and east of this  Euphrates  River town were once the breadbasket of the region, a vast  expanse of  golden wheat fields and bucolic sheep herds.<\/p>\n<p>Now, after four consecutive years of drought, this heartland of the  Fertile Crescent \u2014 including much of neighboring Iraq \u2014 appears to be  turning barren, climate scientists say. Ancient irrigation systems have  collapsed, underground water sources have run dry and hundreds of  villages have been abandoned as farmlands turn to cracked desert and  grazing animals die off. Sandstorms have become far more common, and  vast tent cities of dispossessed farmers and their families have risen  up around the larger towns and cities of Syria and Iraq. &#8230;.<\/p>\n<p>Droughts have always taken place here, but \u201cthe regional climate is  changing in ways that are clearly observable,\u201d said Jeannie Sowers, a  professor at the University of New Hampshire who has written on Middle  East climate issues. \u201cWhether you call it human-induced climate change   or not, much of the region is getting hotter and dryer, combined with  more intense, erratic rainfall and flooding in some areas. You will have  people migrating as a result, and governments are ill prepared.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>The Syrian government has begun to acknowledge the scale of the  problem and has developed a national drought plan, though it has not yet  been put in place, analysts say. Poor planning helped create the  problem in the first place: Syria spent $15 billion on misguided  irrigation projects between 1988 and 2000 with little result, said Elie  Elhadj, a Syrian-born author who wrote his Ph.D. dissertation on the  topic. Syria continues to grow cotton and wheat in areas that lack  sufficient water \u2014 making them more vulnerable to drought \u2014 because the  government views the ability to produce those crops as part of its  identity and a bulwark against foreign dependence, analysts say.<\/p>\n<p>Illegal water drills can be seen across Syria and Iraq, and  underground water tables are dropping at a rate that is \u201creally  frightening,\u201d said Mr. De Schutter, the United Nations expert. There are  no reliable nationwide statistics, and some analysts and Western  diplomats say they believe the Syrian government is not measuring them.<\/p>\n<p>As in other countries across the Arab world, corruption and failed  administration are often to blame. \u201cA lot of powerful people don\u2019t abide  by the regulations, and nobody can tame them,\u201d said Nabil Sukkar, a  Damascus-based economic analyst. &#8230;.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cSyria to consecrate its secularism through series of instructions\u2026\u201d<br \/>\nOn October 13, the Palestinian-owned Al-Quds al-Arabi daily carried the  following report by Kamel Sakr: \u201cSyrian sources assured that the recent  instructions issued in regard to certain religious symbols placed by  some on their cars, were not only related to this issue but also  affected other and more important facets in the context of the  consecration of the secular character of the Syrian state and the  separation of religion from the state at the level of many details  related to daily and public life. The sources who are directly concerned  about this development, revealed to Al-Quds al-Arabi that strict  instructions were recently issued by the Syrian Ministry of Endowments  affecting several religious behaviors, namely the organization of visits  to the mosques and the prevention of gatherings in them.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThey also affected the organization of Ramadan feasts and the  practice of religious rituals in worship places solely, banning the  presence of prayer locations inside the restaurants and the practice of  religious rituals in the workplace. It also prevented the people from  wearing any signs pointing to their religious affiliation, regardless of  what this affiliation is. The sources assured that this inclination  affected the followers of the Islamic and Christian religions, but also  all the sects and minorities without any exception, in a practice aiming  at consecrating the secular character of the state and at containing  religious appearances in their specified locations.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cIt is in this context that Minister of Higher Education Ghayath  Barakat had issued instructions preventing female students wearing the  Niqab from entering the campuses of Syrian universities, corroborating  his rejection of this phenomenon, which he was quoted as saying went  against the academic values and traditions and the ethics of university  campuses&#8230;\u201d<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><strong>Kurds<\/strong> (this relates to <a href=\"https:\/\/joshualandis.com\/blog\/?p=7462\">the previous post<\/a>)<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright\" src=\"http:\/\/www.al-akhbar.com\/files\/images\/p25_20101014_pic1.preview.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"222\" height=\"250\" \/><strong>&#8211; \u201cDamascus and the Kurdish cooperation with Ankara\u2026\u201d<\/strong> (Translation thanks to mideastwire.com)<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>On October 14, the pro-parliamentary minority daily Al-Akhbar carried  the following report: \u201cTurkish steps to solve the Kurdish dilemma. Syria  is a major part of this project. President Bashar al-Assad has issued a  series of positions in the past days that stirred the interest of the  Turks but that also left a number of questions and mysteries&#8230;&#8230;.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThose who followed the comments of the Turkish journals and agencies  about the latest visit of Erdogan to Damascus before it actually took  place this past Sunday, noted that the headline of the visit was not the  crisis of the Iraqi cabinet, nor was it the preparation for the  announcement of the economic union that will bring together Turkey,  Syria, Lebanon, and Jordan, but rather a discussion on how ready Syria  is to cooperate with Turkey regarding the efforts of Ankara along the  front of solving the problem of the Kurdistan Workers Party. And while  the positive Syrian, as well as Iraqi cooperation is more than  certain\u2026Iran is still far from taking part in this issue.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWhat Turkey is asking Iraq for is now known: to limit the freedom of  the Kurdish fighters in the regions of the Kurdistan territory, namely  in the Kandil Mountains and to sever the Kurdish financing of the  \u201cKurdistan\u201d [Workers party] and to close the Iraqi borders with Turkey  and to pledge not to turn the northern Iraqi territory into an  independent state and to prevent the continued recruitment of Iraqi  fighters by the \u201cKurdistan\u201d [Workers party].<\/p>\n<p>\u201cAs to what the Syrian side is required to do, this is a different  [matter]. The estimates indicate that there are around 1,500 Kurdish  Syrian fighters in the ranks of the Kurdistan [Workers party] out of  5,000. Any solution that ends with the party giving away its weapons  through a peace treaty, must include guarantees to those fighters and to  their families whether by issuing a general Syrian pardon or by  allowing their families to go live in Turkey with their men.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThe Turkish newspapers understood the statements of Al-Assad on the  \u201cneed to always open the door for the repentant ones\u201d as an assertion  that Damascus is ready to pardon the Kurdish fighters under the  condition that Ankara would concomitantly do the same, and based on  expanding the democratic rights of the citizens, rather than on the  basis of acknowledging an autonomous-rule region for a specific  ethnicity.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cIndeed, Erdogan personally alluded to the presence of a crisis  revolving around the presence of families of Kurdish fighters in Syria.  His statements in this issue were confined to \u201cthe need to reach a  solution to the problem in cooperation with Syria.\u201d He however did not  clarify whether his idea is to allow these families to go to Turkey or  to bring back the fighters who have received a pardon back to Syria and  to grant them the Syrian nationality.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThe roots of the crisis date back to the early years of the birth of  the modern Turkish republic in the 1920s of the past century when  thousands of Kurds fled from Mustafa Kemal [Ataturk] to Syria where they  failed to obtain the [Syrian] nationality and this issue exploded  during the famous population census that took place in Syria in 1962.  And according to Husni Mahalli, a Syrian journalist who is an expert in  the Kurdish affairs and who lives in Turkey, the number of the Kurds  currently living in Syria without identity papers is around 200,000\u2026<\/p>\n<p>\u201cAnd as Turkey is refusing to even think about the possibility of the  establishment of a Kurdish state on its northern borders [in Iraq],  Syria also doesn\u2019t want to hear anything about the possibility of the  Kurds in Turkey obtaining an autonomous [rule] as this might revive the  federal demands of the Kurds in Syria\u2026<\/p>\n<p>\u201cAnd according to the Kurdish Turkish writer, Ibrahim Goshlo, the  fiercest element in the \u201cKurdistan\u201d [Workers party] is constituted by  the Syrians as these are the organizers of the bloodiest military  operations. He also indicates that the Syrian elements of the  \u201cKurdistan\u201d [Workers party] are worried that their Kurdish companions  are ready to offer compromises at the ongoing dialogue with the Turkish  authorities and it is in the [Syrian Kurds\u2019] interest to hinder that.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cHe expressed his belief that any pardon decision will reshuffle the  cards within the \u201cKurdistan\u201d [Workers party], while stressing that even  if Syria does issue a pardon, it will not be limited to the Kurds,  because [Syria] does not admit that it has a nationalistic crisis.  Al-Assad had made its clearest position on the Kurdish issue this past  July during an interview with the \u201cToday Zaman\u201d newspaper where he said  that his country \u201cis ready to receive 1,500 Syrian fighters in the  \u201cKurdistan\u201d [Workers party] rows.\u201d He also encouraged Turkey [to carry  out] its Kurdish efforts so that the \u201cKurdistan\u201d [Workers party] would  turn into a political party.\u201d &#8211; Al-Akhbar Lebanon, Lebanon<br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.al-akhbar.com\/ar\/node\/210293\">Click here for source<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><strong>Israel Lobby Lends Support to Greece<\/strong><br \/>\nBy Jonathan Broder, CQ Staf<strong>f<br \/>\n<\/strong><span id=\"__end\"><strong>CQ TODAY ONLINE NEWS \u2013 FOREIGN POLICY<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\nOct. 12, 2010 \u2013 5:21 a.m.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>American Jewish groups that make up the pro-Israel lobby are putting  their muscle behind Greek-American causes on Capitol Hill, angering  Turkey but reflecting new strategic shifts in the eastern Mediterranean.<\/p>\n<p>Greece, once a sharp critic of Israel and an outspoken supporter of  the Palestinians, has drawn much closer to Israel this year, signing  agreements that have deepened their political, economic and military  ties. The rapprochement between Athens and Jerusalem follows growing  tensions between Israel and Turkey, which spilled over after a May 31  Israeli commando raid on a Gaza-bound flotilla that left nine Turks  dead.<\/p>\n<p>The alliance between pro-Israel and pro-Greek groups comes amid  growing anger with Turkey on Capitol Hill, where many lawmakers support  Israel and criticize Turkey, a NATO ally, for voting against new  sanctions on Iran at the United Nations in June.<\/p>\n<p>In an initial show of force, the two ethnic lobbies helped push House  passage of a resolution calling for the protection of Greek Orthodox  religious sites in the Turkish-occupied areas of Cyprus. Turkey\u2019s 1974  invasion and occupation of northern Cyprus has long been a major issue  for Greek-American groups, but the Israel lobby had not spoken out on  the issue until now because of its earlier strategic alliance with  Turkey.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWith Turkey becoming increasingly antagonistic to the rule of law  and moving eastward, it behooves both Greece and Israel to bond together  and forge a strategic relationship that strengthens the security of  each nation,\u201d Florida Republican Gus Bilirakis told a Washington  audience last week. Bilirakis chairs the Congressional Hellenic Caucus, a  group of lawmakers who support Greece and its allies.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.csmonitor.com\/layout\/set\/print\/content\/view\/print\/332225\">Christian Sci Mn: Oil company helps make Syrian roads safer<\/a><br \/>\n2010-10-14<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Damascus, Syria \u2022 A local, slice-of-life story from a Monitor  correspondent. An unusual provider is helping to improve driving  conditions and road safety in Syria. Shell, the Anglo-Dutch oil company,  gives lessons to bus drivers and road-safety &#8230; 29th highest in world  in road fatalities.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Searching for Crumbs in Syria\u2019s Breadbasket An estimated 50,000 more families have migrated from rural areas this year due to drought. A woman prepared dinner in a tent on the outskirts of Al Raqqa. By ROBERT F. WORTH Published: October 13, 2010 Refugees have left their farmlands and are living in tents in Al Raqqa, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"sfsi_plus_gutenberg_text_before_share":"","sfsi_plus_gutenberg_show_text_before_share":"","sfsi_plus_gutenberg_icon_type":"","sfsi_plus_gutenberg_icon_alignemt":"","sfsi_plus_gutenburg_max_per_row":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[4,5,41,44],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7580","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-economics","category-kurds","category-refugees","category-turkey"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v24.8.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Drought, Water Management, and the Kurdish Question - Syria Comment<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/joshualandis.com\/blog\/drought-water-management-and-the-kurdish-question\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Drought, Water Management, and the Kurdish Question - Syria Comment\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Searching for Crumbs in Syria\u2019s Breadbasket An estimated 50,000 more families have migrated from rural areas this year due to drought. 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