{"id":7374,"date":"2010-10-03T21:46:46","date_gmt":"2010-10-04T01:46:46","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/joshualandis.com\/blog\/?p=7374"},"modified":"2010-10-03T21:48:21","modified_gmt":"2010-10-04T01:48:21","slug":"igraa-and-male-hypocrisy-censorship-divorce-two-new-ministers","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/joshualandis.com\/blog\/igraa-and-male-hypocrisy-censorship-divorce-two-new-ministers\/","title":{"rendered":"Igraa and Male Hypocrisy; Censorship; Divorce; Two New Ministers"},"content":{"rendered":"

Syrian Actress Tests Boundaries Again<\/a>
\nBy ROBERT F. WORTH, October 1, 2010, NYTimes
\n\"\"<\/p>\n

Igraa: Julien Goldstein for The New York Times<\/p>\n

\u201cMy films criticized the double standard of the Eastern man. He studies in Europe, but he comes back East and returns to his old attitudes,\u201d said Nihad Alaeddin.<\/p>\n

NIHAD ALAEDDIN was once one of the great sirens of Syrian cinema. Working under the stage name Igraa, or Seduction, she embodied the openness and liberalism that reigned in the Arab world during the 1960s and \u201970s, performing the region\u2019s first cinematic nude scene and flippantly telling journalists that \u201cwe have to bring sex to the cinema because our audience is frustrated.\u201d<\/p>\n

Now, after 15 years of self-imposed seclusion, she has returned as a ferocious critic of the Islamist wave sweeping the Middle East, and her courage has drawn the admiration of a younger and more constrained generation of actors and filmmakers. A multipart documentary about her appeared on Syrian television last year, and a prominent Syrian director is now working on a film about her life.<\/p>\n

Unlike many other actresses of her era, she refuses to apologize for any of her numerous risqu\u00e9 roles, and even defends her sexual freedom in a way that is almost unheard of in this increasingly conservative country.<\/p>\n

\u201cMen have this hypocrisy nowadays. If the girl wears a hijab she must be honest,\u201d Igraa said in a voice ragged from chain-smoking, during a late-night interview at her Damascus apartment. Today\u2019s Islamic conservatives, she said, are mostly \u201cliars\u201d who \u201ccriticize others but don\u2019t truly believe themselves.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cThe whole issue of the hijab has become an excuse for hunting down other people,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n

She laughed and added, \u201cThis kind of talk could get me hanged.\u201d<\/p>\n

Igraa\u2019s own family has been split by the Islamist trend. As a teenager in the late 1950s, she traveled with her older sister to Cairo, where an Egyptian impresario renamed them Seduction and Charm and made them a successful belly-dancing duo who toured Europe and Asia in daringly scanty outfits.<\/p>\n

Then in the late 1970s the Islamic revival began, taking with it Igraa\u2019s sister. She took the veil and became a conservative Muslim, discarded the name Charm, and now refuses to talk about her belly-dancing past, though the sisters remain on speaking terms.<\/p>\n

As for Igraa, who still uses that name, she now lives mostly nocturnally, rising in midafternoon. Her apartment is a decaying museum of her own career, with dozens of pictures of her alongside bizarre collections of cheap trinkets and stuffed animals. In her late 60s, she still dresses like the precocious teenager she once was, with tight jeans, pancake makeup and a spectacularly bouffant wig hiding her gray hair. She married only eight years ago, to a man decades her junior, and has never had children.<\/p>\n

Some critics say her new iconoclasm is just an effort to dignify what was little more than a career in soft-core porn. Igraa bristles at the notion. \u201cI took off my clothes for a principle,\u201d she said. \u201cIf I wanted to do it for money I could have done it in the dark and made a lot more.\u201d<\/p>\n

BORN in Damascus to a lower-middle-class family, she dropped out of school in the fifth grade and moved to Cairo at the age of 13. After training with the legendary Egyptian belly dancer Tahia Carioca, she danced with her sister for several years, and then began acting in television dramas. She went on to become a leading actress, screenwriter and director.<\/p>\n

\u201cThere was a kind of bloom of freedom in those days,\u201d said Nabil Maleh, a Syrian director who helped to make Igraa\u2019s career.<\/p>\n

Igraa\u2019s breakthrough came in 1970 with the film \u201cThe Leopard,\u201d widely considered to have established modern Syrian cinema at a time when Egypt dominated the business. During filming, the producers and director worried that the story \u2014 about a Robin Hood figure in the mountains of northern Syria \u2014 might not get the attention it deserved without some kind of lure. They asked Igraa, who played the protagonist\u2019s wife, to do a nude scene. She surprised them by agreeing almost at once. By modern standards, the film is scarcely racy at all: a few glimpses of flesh during a muted love scene. But at the time, it was profoundly shocking.<\/p>\n

\u201cI felt like a suicide bomber when I was making this scene,\u201d she recalled. \u201cTo do such a scene in Syria \u2014 I knew there would be criticism.\u201d<\/p>\n

There was criticism, but the film was a hit. People traveled in packed buses from remote towns to the movie theaters in Damascus and Aleppo. Igraa was defiant about her role, and when she was asked to blame the director and producer, she refused, saying they had done the scene with her full consent.<\/p>\n

She went on to make dozens of other films, many of them tawdry affairs with a lot of bikini scenes and not much plot. But she also wrote 25 screenplays, and she casts her work as an effort to break down patriarchal attitudes toward women.<\/p>\n

\u201cMy films criticized the double standard of the Eastern man,\u201d she said. \u201cHe studies in Europe, but he comes back East and returns to his old attitudes. If he could lock his wife and sister up, he would.\u201d<\/p>\n

To some younger filmmakers, her standing as an artist is less important than her defiance. In a country where artists are often forced to make compromises \u2014 with censors, or with religious orthodoxy \u2014 her honesty and steadfastness alone seem a virtue. Despite her controversial views, however, she has not suffered harassment or threats.<\/p>\n

\u201cShe is very important because she is not a liar,\u201d said Khaled Khalifa, a prominent novelist and television screenwriter. \u201cShe never regretted, she never apologized.\u201d He added that in contemporary Syrian television and film \u201cyou can barely even show a kiss.\u201d<\/p>\n

Mr. Khalifa said he had tried to persuade Igraa to return to the screen, without success.<\/p>\n

ODDLY, Igraa said she was a great admirer of Hassan Nasrallah, the leader of the Shiite militant group Hezbollah. She does not share his Islamist principles, but admires his honesty. \u201cIf he asked me to sacrifice my blood, I would,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n

Igraa said she would make another film if the role were right. For now, the Syrian director Omar Amiralai is making a film about her life, and she seems comfortable to play the provocateur.<\/p>\n

Pointing to a huge movie still on her living-room wall that shows her younger self, head thrown back and eyes closed in what appears to be a moment of sensual abandon, she asked, \u201cGuess what I\u2019m doing in that picture?\u201d The answer? Being stabbed to death by her husband. In the film, she played a woman who cheats on her husband and then returns to him, only to have him kill her.<\/p>\n

Men usually think the still shows a moment of sexual climax, she said, with a bawdy smile. \u201cOnly women ever guess it right.\u201d<\/p>\n

Nawara Mahfoud contributed reporting.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Divorced! Divorced! Divorced!<\/a> by Jida Malas
\nForward Syria.com<\/p>\n

With three words, men in Muslim societies can permanently divorce their wives. Divorce in itself used to be taboo in Damascus but is becoming increasingly acceptable. Women emancipation is one reason for the increasing divorce rate in Damascus, so are emotional and sexual incompatibility.<\/p>\n

One of the most striking features of modern societies has been the rapid growth of divorce. Damascene society is no exception. In Damascus, according to the Central Bureau of Statistics, out of a total of 17,821 cases in Syria, there were 5036 cases of divorce in 2005. This is compared to 22,823 marriages in Damascus in the same year….<\/p>\n

The \u2018unspoken\u2019 reason for divorce<\/strong><\/p>\n

All the previous reasons were what people talk about; what one hears on the streets of Damascus. What about what they don\u2019t talk about? What about what remains taboo? This naturally is in reference to sexual reasons for divorce. According to sex specialists in the Arab world, the majority of Arabs are sexually ignorant, and considering that a marriage is almost totally based on the intimate relationship between man and women, it means that sex-related disorders might as well contribute in breaking marriages.<\/p>\n

Sawsan notes, \u201cMy ex-husband couldn\u2019t perform sexually. ….<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

???? ???? ????? ?????? ?????
\n…!<\/a><\/p>\n

Syria’s Assad replaces two ministers<\/a><\/p>\n

Syrian President Bashar al-Assad slightly reshuffled the cabinet on Sunday, replacing the ministers of culture and irrigation, the official SANA news agency reported.<\/p>\n

It said Assad issued “a decree naming Riad Ismat minister of culture. Ismat previously headed Syrian state radio and television.<\/p>\n

Georges Soumi is minister of irrigation. He is a Christian and not a Baathist. Like the Christian minister of expatriates who is from the Syrian Social Nationalist Party, Soumi is from the official opposition, only he is a communist.<\/p>\n

SANA did not specify the reasons for the reshuffle, the seventh since Mohammed Naji Otri became prime minister in 2003.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Web Tastes Freedom Inside Syria, and It\u2019s Bitter<\/a>
\nBy ROBERT F. WORTH, September 29, 2010, The New York Times<\/p>\n

\n

DAMASCUS, Syria \u2014 Earlier this month, a graphic video of teachers beating their young students appeared on Facebook. Although Facebook is officially banned here, the video quickly went viral, with Syrian bloggers stoking public anger until the story was picked up by the pan-Arab media.<\/p>\n

Finally, the Education Ministry issued a statement saying the teachers had been reassigned to desk jobs. The episode was a rare example of the way Syrians using Facebook and blogs can win a tenuous measure of freedom within the country\u2019s tightly controlled media scene, where any criticism of the government, however oblique, can lead to years in prison.<\/p>\n

\u201cWe have a little bit of freedom,\u201d said Khaled al-Ekhetyar, a 29-year-old journalist for a Web site whose business card shows a face with hands covering up the eyes and mouth. \u201cWe can say things that can\u2019t be said in print.\u201d<\/p>\n

But that slim margin is threatened by an ever present fog of fear and intimidation, and some journalists fear that it could soon be snuffed out. A draft law regulating online media would clamp down on Syrian bloggers and other journalists, forcing them to register as syndicate members and submit their writing for review. Other Arab countries regularly jail journalists who express dissident views, but Syria may be the most restrictive of all.<\/p>\n

Most of the Syrian media is still owned by the state. Privately owned media outlets became legal in 2001, as the socialist economy slowly began to liberalize following the accession of President Bashar al-Assad. But much of the sector is owned by members of the Syrian \u201coligarchy\u201d \u2014 relatives of Mr. Assad and other top government officials. All of it is subject to intimidation and heavy-handed control.<\/p>\n

\u201cThe first level is censorship,\u201d said Ayman Abdel Nour, the founder of All4Syria.info, the independent Web site where Mr. Ekhetyar works. \u201cThe second level is when they send you statements and force you to publish them.\u201d Like many other journalists and dissidents, Mr. Abdel Nour has left the country and now lives abroad.<\/p>\n

The basic \u201cred lines\u201d are well known: no criticism of the president and his family or the security services, no touching delicate issues like Syria\u2019s Kurdish minority or the Alawites, a religious minority to which Mr. Assad belongs. Foreign journalists who violate these rules are regularly banned from the country (a fact that constrains coverage of Syria in this and other newspapers).<\/p>\n

But the exact extent of what is forbidden is left deliberately unclear, and that vagueness encourages fear and self-censorship, many journalists here say. A 19-year-old female high school student and blogger, Tal al-Mallohi, was arrested late last year and remains in prison. Her blog had encouraged the Syrian government to do more for the Palestinians, but it scarcely amounted to real criticism, and the authorities have not given any reason for her detention. A number of bloggers have been arrested for expressing views deemed critical of the Syrian government or even other Arab governments, under longstanding laws that criminalize \u201cweakening national sentiment\u201d and other broadly defined offenses.<\/p>\n

Others have been jailed for jokes. One blogger, Osama Kario, wrote a parody in 2007 of the famous \u201cthree Arab No\u2019s\u201d refusing any concession to Israel (no peace with Israel, no negotiations with Israel, no recognition of Israel). His version: \u201cNo electricity, no water, no Internet.\u201d He was jailed for 28 days, and when he emerged he stopped blogging and would not speak to fellow journalists about his experience.<\/p>\n

Television and radio journalists have made some tentative efforts to push the limits in the past few years, with mixed success. D.J.\u2019s like Honey Sayed, who hosts a popular show called \u201cGood Morning Syria\u201d on Madina FM, often explore sensitive social issues like homosexuality and child abuse. Last year Orient TV, a new station owned by an independent Syrian businessman, began broadcasting from Dubai and quickly gained a large audience with its imaginative documentaries. But a few months later the station\u2019s Damascus office was abruptly shut down, with no explanation given.<\/p>\n

One Web site, All4Syria.info, has managed to survive since 2004 with a revolving staff of about half a dozen writers based in Syria. Earlier this year it published an interview with three political dissidents on their release from prison, something no other Syrian outlet dared to do.<\/p>\n

\u201cThe Internet in Syria is a bit like the samizdat publications were under the Soviet Union,\u201d said Mohammad Ali Abdallah, whose brother Omar Ali Abdallah was sentenced to five years in prison in 2006 for contributing to an Internet forum that was deemed seditious by the authorities.<\/p>\n

Last year, some of Syria\u2019s new, privately owned radio stations joined bloggers in criticizing a proposed revision of Syria\u2019s personal status law that would have made it legal for men to marry girls as young as 13 years old. Under pressure, lawmakers abandoned the proposal.<\/p>\n

But individual successes do not always make for broader progress, because of fear.<\/p>\n

\u201cEven when someone successfully crosses a line, everyone is still afraid, they don\u2019t build on it,\u201d Mr. Ekhetyar said. \u201cThey think maybe it was a coincidence.\u201d<\/p>\n

Many online journalists use pseudonyms, he added, a practice that may be safer but erodes their credibility and leaves them in a fearful solitude where they cannot develop professional standards. Facebook has been an important outlet for political and social frustrations, but it, too, is often used with furtive anonymity.<\/p>\n

And it is impossible to tell how many Syrians are paying attention. Asked who his audience was, Mr. Ekhetyar paused and said with a weary smile, \u201cMy friends and the secret police.\u201d<\/p>\n

That may be why the Syrian authorities, despite the official ban on Facebook, YouTube, and many other Internet venues, do not seem too frightened of them. Most Syrian government officials, including the president, have their own Facebook pages. Walk into almost any of the many Internet cafes in Damascus, and the manager will show you how to log on to Facebook or other banned sites. Foreign proxy server numbers are traded among young people like baseball cards.<\/p>\n

On a recent evening in the tumultuous Bab Touma section of Damascus\u2019s Old City, 26-year-old Berj Agop was among a crowd of young people at the SpotNet Internet Cafe, many of them casually surfing sites that are officially banned.<\/p>\n

\u201cI saw the video of the teacher beating the student,\u201d he said. \u201cIt\u2019s a victory for sure; without Facebook no one would have known about that incident.\u201d<\/p>\n

But nearby, another young man who gave his name only as Taym offered a different view.<\/p>\n

\u201cThe Internet is like a baby\u2019s lollipop for the young,\u201d he said. \u201cIt entertains him and makes him forget his problems, it\u2019s like \u2018Alice in Wonderland\u2019 \u2014 I dream of such a world, a better world.\u201d<\/p>\n

Hwaida Saad contributed reporting from Damascus.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Syrian Actress Tests Boundaries Again By ROBERT F. WORTH, October 1, 2010, NYTimes Igraa: Julien Goldstein for The New York Times \u201cMy films criticized the double standard of the Eastern man. He studies in Europe, but he comes back East and returns to his old attitudes,\u201d said Nihad Alaeddin. 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WORTH, October 1, 2010, NYTimes Igraa: Julien Goldstein for The New York Times \u201cMy films criticized the double standard of the Eastern man. He studies in Europe, but he comes back East and returns to his old attitudes,\u201d said Nihad Alaeddin. NIHAD ALAEDDIN was once one of […]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/joshualandis.com\/blog\/igraa-and-male-hypocrisy-censorship-divorce-two-new-ministers\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Syria Comment\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2010-10-04T01:46:46+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2010-10-04T01:48:21+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"http:\/\/graphics8.nytimes.com\/images\/2010\/10\/02\/world\/ACTRESS\/ACTRESS-articleLarge.jpg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Joshua\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@joshua_landis\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@joshua_landis\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Joshua\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"13 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/joshualandis.com\/blog\/igraa-and-male-hypocrisy-censorship-divorce-two-new-ministers\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/joshualandis.com\/blog\/igraa-and-male-hypocrisy-censorship-divorce-two-new-ministers\/\",\"name\":\"Igraa and Male Hypocrisy; Censorship; Divorce; Two New Ministers - Syria Comment\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/joshualandis.com\/blog\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/joshualandis.com\/blog\/igraa-and-male-hypocrisy-censorship-divorce-two-new-ministers\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/joshualandis.com\/blog\/igraa-and-male-hypocrisy-censorship-divorce-two-new-ministers\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"http:\/\/graphics8.nytimes.com\/images\/2010\/10\/02\/world\/ACTRESS\/ACTRESS-articleLarge.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2010-10-04T01:46:46+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2010-10-04T01:48:21+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/joshualandis.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/3b31d23576e1b8c0928811e638957c80\"},\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/joshualandis.com\/blog\/igraa-and-male-hypocrisy-censorship-divorce-two-new-ministers\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/joshualandis.com\/blog\/igraa-and-male-hypocrisy-censorship-divorce-two-new-ministers\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/joshualandis.com\/blog\/igraa-and-male-hypocrisy-censorship-divorce-two-new-ministers\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"http:\/\/graphics8.nytimes.com\/images\/2010\/10\/02\/world\/ACTRESS\/ACTRESS-articleLarge.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"http:\/\/graphics8.nytimes.com\/images\/2010\/10\/02\/world\/ACTRESS\/ACTRESS-articleLarge.jpg\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/joshualandis.com\/blog\/igraa-and-male-hypocrisy-censorship-divorce-two-new-ministers\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/joshualandis.com\/blog\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Igraa and Male Hypocrisy; Censorship; Divorce; Two New Ministers\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/joshualandis.com\/blog\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/joshualandis.com\/blog\/\",\"name\":\"Syria Comment\",\"description\":\"Syrian politics, history, and religion\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/joshualandis.com\/blog\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/joshualandis.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/3b31d23576e1b8c0928811e638957c80\",\"name\":\"Joshua\",\"sameAs\":[\"http:\/\/www.joshualandis.com\",\"https:\/\/x.com\/joshua_landis\"],\"url\":\"https:\/\/joshualandis.com\/blog\/author\/syriacomment\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Igraa and Male Hypocrisy; Censorship; Divorce; Two New Ministers - Syria Comment","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/joshualandis.com\/blog\/igraa-and-male-hypocrisy-censorship-divorce-two-new-ministers\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Igraa and Male Hypocrisy; Censorship; Divorce; Two New Ministers - Syria Comment","og_description":"Syrian Actress Tests Boundaries Again By ROBERT F. WORTH, October 1, 2010, NYTimes Igraa: Julien Goldstein for The New York Times \u201cMy films criticized the double standard of the Eastern man. He studies in Europe, but he comes back East and returns to his old attitudes,\u201d said Nihad Alaeddin. 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