{"id":26211,"date":"2019-10-26T20:12:48","date_gmt":"2019-10-27T00:12:48","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/joshualandis.com\/blog\/?p=26211"},"modified":"2019-10-27T13:03:10","modified_gmt":"2019-10-27T17:03:10","slug":"is-the-us-decision-to-withdraw-from-syria-in-2019-a-mistake-like-its-decision-to-withdraw-from-lebanon-in-1983-by-prof-robert-rabil","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/joshualandis.com\/blog\/is-the-us-decision-to-withdraw-from-syria-in-2019-a-mistake-like-its-decision-to-withdraw-from-lebanon-in-1983-by-prof-robert-rabil\/","title":{"rendered":"Is the US Decision to Withdraw from Syria in 2019 a Mistake like its Decision to Withdraw from Lebanon in 1983? &#8211; By Prof. Robert Rabil"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"alignright is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/joshualandis.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/image-3.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-26213\" width=\"213\" height=\"188\"\/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Professor of Political Science at&nbsp;Florida Atlantic University.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>email: rrabil@fau.edu <\/li><li>Twitter @robertgrabil <\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Robin Wright, an astute journalist and analyst, wrote an article in the <em>New Yorker<\/em> on \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.newyorker.com\/news\/our-columnists\/the-1983-beirut-barracks-bombing-and-the-current-us-retreat-from-syria\">The 1983 Beirut Barracks Bombing and the Current U.S. Retreat from Syria<\/a>.\u201d She makes the case that the U.S. withdrawal from Lebanon following the horrific 1983 bombing of the U.S. Marine barracks resonates, hauntingly, as U.S. Special Forces pull out of Syria. She asserts that: \u201cOnce again, the United States is hastily retreating\u2014abandoning a mission, stranding allies, creating a vacuum for adversaries to quickly fill, enabling Islamic extremists, weakening American credibility globally, and leaving the Middle East, the world\u2019s most volatile corner, even more unstable.\u201d <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1348\" height=\"1106\" src=\"https:\/\/joshualandis.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/Screen-Shot-2019-10-26-at-7.08.08-PM.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-26214\" srcset=\"https:\/\/joshualandis.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/Screen-Shot-2019-10-26-at-7.08.08-PM.png 1348w, https:\/\/joshualandis.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/Screen-Shot-2019-10-26-at-7.08.08-PM-450x369.png 450w, https:\/\/joshualandis.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/Screen-Shot-2019-10-26-at-7.08.08-PM-768x630.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1348px) 100vw, 1348px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>This argument, grounded in a belief in American exceptionalism as well as its ability to fix or improve bleak situations, makes sense to many. Many Americans believe that that the U.S. should not retreat from the Middle East in the face of failed American military interventions in Iraq and Afghanistan. But this noble attitude does not fully examine the background against which the U.S. retreated from Beirut, Iraq, Damascus and Kabul. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>As someone who lived the Lebanese civil war as a\nvolunteer in the Red Cross and observed closely the preparation and execution\nof the invasion and occupation of Iraq I consider that Washington\u2019s retreats as\nbeing born out of both its universal values and naivety that clashed with its\nforeign policy missions. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In 1982, Washington led the international community in\ncreating a Multinational force (along with French and Italian troops) to\nsupervise and safeguard the PLO\u2019s withdrawal from Beirut following Israel\u2019s\ninvasion and siege of the capital. The withdrawal began in late August and\nended in early September. On September 14, President-elect Bashir Gemayel,\nalong with a number of his lieutenants, was assassinated in his East Beirut\nPhalange headquarters. I vividly remember the pall of gloom that descended on Lebanon,\nespecially among Christians, following his assassination. On September 16, the\nIDF infiltrated a Phalange-led intelligence unit under Elie Hobeika into the\nPalestinian refugee camps of Sabra and Shatila to \u201cferret out\u201d PLO fighters who\nremained in the camps. What followed was a horrific massacre of mostly old\npeople and children. Although previous massacres did not elicit the world\u2019s\noutcry, the magnitude of the Sabra and Shatila massacre was not only met with an\ninternational outcry, but also damaged the reputations of the Phalange and the\nIDF. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The Israeli public, in contrast to the Arabs, held the largest demonstration in Israel\u2019s history in Tel Aviv and called for the IDF to withdraw from Lebanon. It was only a matter of time before Israel was pressured to withdraw from Lebanon. The murder of Gemayel and Israel\u2019s gradual withdrawal changed Lebanon\u2019s civil war dynamics. The new president Amin Gemayel, brother of Bashir, did not command the full loyalty of the Christian Lebanese Forces, whose leadership had begun to fragment; Antagonistic forces rushed to fill the vacuum left by Israel\u2019s withdrawal. Led by Walid Jumblat, the Druzes, supported by leftists and pan-Arab forces, defeated the Lebanese forces in the Shouf mountains; and the government of Amin Gemayel tried and failed to control West Beirut, which witnessed a mass mobilization of leftists, Shi\u2019a Islamist groups and the Shi\u2019a Amal party.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In the meantime, President Reagan, moved by the sorrowful\nand distressing flurry of unfolding events, decided to change the mission of the\nMNF. On October 28, he signed National Security Decision Directive (NSDD) 64,\n\u201ccalling for the United States to work toward the withdrawal of foreign forces\nfrom Lebanon, help rebuild the Lebanese Army, and contribute to an expanded MNF\nif necessary.\u201d But his well-intentioned and ambitious new mission was not\ntimely reinforced by a bigger and stronger American force just as internecine\nfighting and regional meddling in Lebanon reached a new peak. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Even\nat an early age I shared my father\u2019s concerns for the U.S. Marines. The\nquestion that troubled me most was why the U.S. Marines located their\nheadquarters next to the airport in Beirut\u2019s most volatile area. In hindsight,\nother horrific events should have underscored the fleeting objectives of\nReagan\u2019s new MNF mission. A new tool of terror, traced to Ayatollah Khomeini\u2019s effort\nto reinterpret Imam Hussein\u2019s martyrdom in Karbala in 680, justified suicide\nbombings based on fighting oppression and injustice. Before the bombing of the\nU.S. Marine barracks in October 1983, the Israeli military headquarters in Tyre\nand the American Embassy in Beirut were bombed respectively. Robert Baer, a\nshrewd CIA operative, contemplated that the United States failed to notice the\nwarning signs of the 1983 bombing. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>President\nReagan had two choices: be fully involved militarily in a country in the midst\nof a brutal civil war or get out. Reagan grasped the danger of the treacherous politics\nof Lebanon and chose to get out. Since then, the U.S. should have grasped the\nfact that any mission in the Middle East has to be buttressed by significant\nAmerican power not only to affect the context in which American troops are\ninvolved but also to dictate the outcome of American involvement. In other\nwords, half-hearted measures in the Middle East do not work! <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>So,\nindeed, \u201cthe ghosts of Lebanon are in Syria today,\u201d as Ryan Crocker observed.\nBut herein lies the main question: how deep is the U.S. commitment to to its\nmission in Syria? The hard truth is the U.S. has neither a well-defined mission\nnor one that it is able to implement within a reasonable time span. The U.S. set\nitself up for tragedy. It also set the Kurds up for tragedy.&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In\nthis respect, President Trump\u2019s decision to pull out of Syria\u2014like Reagan\u2019s\ndecision thirty-five years\u2014is about saving American lives!&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Professor of Political Science at&nbsp;Florida Atlantic University.&nbsp; email: rrabil@fau.edu Twitter @robertgrabil Robin Wright, an astute journalist and analyst, wrote an article in the New Yorker on \u201cThe 1983 Beirut Barracks Bombing and the Current U.S. Retreat from Syria.\u201d She makes the case that the U.S. withdrawal from Lebanon following the horrific 1983 bombing of the [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"sfsi_plus_gutenberg_text_before_share":"","sfsi_plus_gutenberg_show_text_before_share":"","sfsi_plus_gutenberg_icon_type":"","sfsi_plus_gutenberg_icon_alignemt":"","sfsi_plus_gutenburg_max_per_row":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[1],"tags":[151,113,249],"class_list":["post-26211","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-lebanon-2","tag-syria","tag-us-foreign-policy"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v24.8.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Is the US Decision to Withdraw from Syria in 2019 a Mistake like its Decision to Withdraw from Lebanon in 1983? 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