{"id":10143,"date":"2011-06-10T00:27:50","date_gmt":"2011-06-10T04:27:50","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/joshualandis.com\/blog\/?p=10143"},"modified":"2011-06-10T10:16:43","modified_gmt":"2011-06-10T14:16:43","slug":"news-round-up-9-june-2011","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/joshualandis.com\/blog\/news-round-up-9-june-2011\/","title":{"rendered":"News Round Up (9 June 2011)"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"edit-comment254923\">\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright\" src=\"http:\/\/media.economist.com\/images\/images-magazine\/2011\/06\/11\/ma\/20110611_mam990.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"232\" height=\"182\" \/>The number of Syrian refugees <a href=\"http:\/\/r20.rs6.net\/tn.jsp?llr=8cautydab&amp;et=1105903187533&amp;s=186071&amp;e=001mX8R1-azbOoyXsRpf2AIPeDNsynhhTSVidEKGdkacnIHv5ZhxzBBXcIOzKx7b1e215f2CokbhDyKApM0GY0oJfLazqDH3j6za7LWbA4jRZBr2W7gEciJoNhBHsPb1Pg0A5wLHBoZELvwhR7PoFpBwnNpTzdQeplA\" target=\"_blank\">fleeing<\/a> the country&#8217;s north into Turkey has surpassed 2,000 while  reports suggest that as many as 30,000 Syrian troops are massed near the  town of Jisr al-Shughour, whose 60,000 citizens have largely left en  masse. <a href=\"http:\/\/www.latimes.com\/news\/nationworld\/world\/la-fg-turkey-syria-border-20110610,0,7941400.story\">The stories coming out of the refugees<\/a> paint a grisly picture of soldiers refusing orders to shoot on unarmed people and being shot for insubordination. The Syria government insists that armed rebels killed the troops.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/www.latimes.com\/media\/photo\/2011-06\/252380160-09092609.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"464\" height=\"309\" \/>Syrian Refugees in Turkey<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2011\/06\/11\/world\/middleeast\/11syria.html?partner=rss&amp;emc=rss\">Reports from the tow<\/a>n, (NYTimes) which remained without electricity, water and Internet access, were difficult to confirm. Rami Abdelrahman, a Syrian activist based in Britain, said that by late Friday morning all of his contacts in Jisr al-Shoughour and the surrounding area were \u201ccut off.\u201d Earlier in the day he spoke to residents there, who described a campaign of destruction against Jisr al-Shoughour and a cluster of nearby villages by the army. \u201cThey are burning fields all around,\u201d he said.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Meanwhile, Russia <a href=\"http:\/\/r20.rs6.net\/tn.jsp?llr=8cautydab&amp;et=1105903187533&amp;s=186071&amp;e=001mX8R1-azbOpjVEf2OM0C3S67zOo22n-gEZC7GmrzrvaFniD_y6Z5pQwf6Nw0v0lmY_BSWtFBp4zu3Q6-bbLwpA36bBfpUH8LESQU9TygKtmqmEFEoRUbYICg8d7hQ2C767hp2bWEqK2m_TLXCChN0jI7E1rZaCBqMvBsYcwWe0xeiMMwYZeJsZEJqbxph2a1dc_Bsh9osPBaZU0QWZOnEq_dQ6jRreYZCHy1ZaY2DbbrF9pU5v1lNA==\" target=\"_blank\">appears likely<\/a> to veto French and British efforts to table a Security Council resolution condemning Syria&#8217;s ongoing crackdown. (MidEast Channel FP) This Friday is named the &#8220;Friday of the Tribes&#8221; in an effort to bring along the Arab tribes, many leaders of which turned up at the Antalya opposition meeting last week.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.revolutionintelligence.com\/\">This site &#8211; named Revolution Intelligence<\/a> &#8211; is a worrying new phenomenon. It has a military theme and allows anonymous writers to inform on people they believe to be government informers or regime loyalists. It is not clear whether it is designed to encourage retribution or assassination, but I suppose it could. Just another indication of the darkening clouds that are gathering for Syria. A Lebanese Christian friend brought this site to my attention and remarked:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>We\u2019re clearly heading towards a kind of \u201ccivil war\u201d there\u2026. And the lists of that sort are a good fuel for such a conflict, believe an old Lebanese!! \ud83d\ude09 (seriously; the people named in these lists will dearly defend their skin, no?!; and besides, when you open the door to deletion, anyone can accuse anyone, his neighbor with whom he had a quarrel for a car parking, his doorman who did not wash the ca properly, the shopkeeper whom he suspects of looking at his wife\u2026 etc etc\u2026 J, and society becomes unlivable!!&#8230;). More than this, this site depicts a \u201cmindset\u201d in the opposition; a kind of \u201c3aql amni\u201d that resembles a lot the \u201c3aql amni wa mukhabarati\u201d that we find in the regime\u2019s circles..; Strange and fascinating mimetism\u2026 it augurs of the worse once these guys takes power\u2026.<\/p>\n<p>But you also touch a good point: I heard Haytham Mannah saying today \u201cwe don\u2019t want any foreign interference besides a moral support; physically, we are capable of putting this regime down, with time and courage, and we have to if we want to stay free after\u201d; nicely put. BUT\u2026 how without \u201ctroops\u201d? And this is where tricks such as this kind of listing will play: people will begin turning against each other, on micro-levels, suspicion inside the ruling circles will grow, defiance also, and cracks will begin?<\/p>\n<p>But I guess there\u2019s more: if you noticed, Antalya was heavily attended by (among others) tribal leaders from the \u201c3ashayer\u201d; these are exactly the people who have the manpower to fight!! And these have been first antagonized by the Deraa wound, and now in Rastan, Hassakeh,Raqqa, and elsewhere\u2026 if they join in mass, along with Brothers that seem to near the point of taking arms, the \u201crevolution army\u201d is there\u2026 is it a coincidence that tomorrow has been labeled \u201cJom3at el-3asha\u2019er\u201d???!!&#8230;.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/r20.rs6.net\/tn.jsp?llr=8cautydab&amp;et=1105903187533&amp;s=186071&amp;e=001mX8R1-azbOrcJojDQigtkE44Jviwc9QAUoDw-WbGfQde2auxAWVg352GKCchGWkaZVNHTXqzUehBw0wMHKj6eL3x38_rrxJUvG8TZ6Q1E0DWoqUtNE6rjVpb-yB1MEAUVgW0ccyeuGtgHGe15rboFI0ToMHZY2Jg9OUUKIilihl8nTSI9vjGt0DKyg-KWKjXiVqL_TUkuA5uNOj-_8cpIV1H51k2SnM0Bq68Mv6cwz0B6_HcddKGxb4aeg6RooFT\" target=\"_blank\">After Golan clashes, is Israel rethinking the Assad (or Palestine) file?<\/a><br \/>\nby Daniel Levy<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>&#8230;For the peace rejectionist government of Prime Minister Netanyahu, the survival of an embattled, desperate, and thoroughly discredited Assad regime apparently hits that Goldilocks sweet spot &#8212; just the right outcome. Is this a calculation that still makes sense for Israel after Sunday&#8217;s clashes on the Golan?<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/news.xinhuanet.com\/english2010\/world\/2011-06\/09\/c_13920454.htm\">Syria to hold advisory meeting with opposition in 10 days:<\/a> offic 2011-06-09 11:19:21.503 GMT<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>DAMASCUS, June 9 (Xinhua) &#8212; A Syrian official said an advisory meeting with the opposition and non-partisans is expected to be held in ten days, the Syrian daily al-Watan reported Thursday.<\/p>\n<p>According to the unnamed source, the meeting will be a preparatory step towards a comprehensive national dialogue that sets the headlines of Syria&#8217;s political and economic future.<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;The meeting is open for anyone who likes to take part in, on condition of having no foreign agenda,&#8221; the source was quoted by al-Watan as saying.<\/p>\n<p>Syrian President Bashar al-Assad has nominated Vice-President Farouk al-Sharaa and his assistant Mohammad Nasief, Vice-President for Cultural Affairs Najah al-Attar and Presidential Advisor Bouthaina Shaaban to take part in the dialogue with Syrian opposition figures inside Syria in order to reach a political solution to the country&#8217;s crisis.<\/p>\n<p>The opposition, inside Syria, insists the killing of protesters must end, political prisoners be released and the right of expression and demonstration be guaranteed before any dialogue could begin.<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;The meeting must aim at saving Syria from the current crisis,&#8221; Michel Kilo, a prominent dissident told Xinhua via phone.<\/p>\n<p>Kilo, one of the four activists meeting with Shaaban one month ago, said &#8220;this is a political crisis which must be tackled through political means,&#8221; adding that Shaaban told him the Syrian president had ordered troops not to fire on pro-reform demonstrators.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.economist.com\/node\/18805738\">The Balance of Power Is Shifting: The Tide May Slowly Be Turning Against President Bashar Assad<\/a><\/p>\n<blockquote><p>June 11 (The Economist) &#8212; A MONTH ago seasoned watchers of Syria reckoned that the regime\u2019s ferocious crackdown would keep the lid on dissent, albeit with President Bashar Assad\u2019s legitimacy badly impaired. Now the prevailing wisdom is changing. Rather than subside, the protests are spreading and intensifying. Having started in the south and spread to coastal cities such as Banias, they moved to Homs, Syria\u2019s third-biggest city, and the surrounding central districts. More recently they have gripped Hama, the country\u2019s fourth city, famed for its uprising in 1982, when 20,000 people may have been killed by the then president, Hafez Assad, the present incumbent\u2019s father. After starting in the rural areas, the unrest has hit cities all over the country. And the death toll, well past 1,200, has begun to rise more sharply. On June 3rd, at least 70 people are reported to have been killed in Hama alone.<\/p>\n<p>The first of two big questions is whether the revolt will get going in Damascus and Aleppo, the capital and Syria\u2019s second city respectively, which have been relatively but by no means entirely quiet. The second big question is whether the security forces, on which the regime was founded when Assad p\u00e8re took over in 1970, will stay loyal. If the army\u2019s middle and lower ranks, drawn mainly from the country\u2019s Sunni majority, which comprises some 75% of the population, begin to turn against the senior ranks where the Alawite minority (10%, including the Assad family) predominates, the regime could begin to fall apart. The events of June 5th in the town of Jisr al-Shughour, near the north-western border with Turkey, suggest that this may be starting to happen&#8230;..<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/proche-orient\/article\/2011\/06\/09\/un-millier-de-syriens-ont-fui-en-turquie_1533841_3218.html\">Refugees from north of Syria in Turkey are not allowed to talk to the press.<\/a> Le Monde<\/p>\n<p>A syrian dissident says that it is because Erdogan is afraid Bashar will unleash on Turkey the kurdish PKK.(sic)<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\u2026..Hors de question \u00e9galement de parler avec les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s qui  viennent de franchir la fronti\u00e8re : ils sont imm\u00e9diatement pris en  charge par des unit\u00e9s de gendarmerie, qui dirigent les personnes valides  vers le camp, les bless\u00e9s vers des h\u00f4pitaux, o\u00f9 la consigne est de ne  pas admettre la presse.<\/p>\n<p>..\u201dLe gouvernement turc ne veut pas trop parler de ce qui se passe  ici parce qu\u2019il a peur qu\u2019Assad l\u00e2che sur la Turquie les rebelles kurdes  du PKK (Parti des travailleurs du Kurdistan)\u201d, avance un dissident  syrien install\u00e9 \u00e0 Antakya, parlant sous couvert de l\u2019anonymat.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/world-middle-east-13714168\">Syria crisis: Turkey refugees fear for Jisr al-Shughour<\/a><\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Other refugees tell much the same story. A group of three unemployed men aged 19, 25 and 30 respectively: The oldest of the group said that the people were simply demanding better economic conditions. \u201cWe try only to get enough food to survive. Nothing else,\u201d he said. \u201cMost people have to steal to live. We only want a better life because we are hungry. \u201cIf the government provided us with jobs then we would have no problem with it.\u201d<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.cnn.com\/2011\/WORLD\/meast\/06\/09\/syria.france.ambassador\/index.html?eref=rss_latest\">CNN: France 24 files complaint over its own Syria story<\/a>, 2011-06-09<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>A French television network said Thursday it has filed a complaint with the Paris public prosecutor alleging identity theft and impersonation related to an interview it broadcast Tuesday with a woman the network identified as Ambassador Lamia &#8230;<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<div id=\"edit-comment254922\">\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ft.com\/intl\/cms\/s\/0\/71e5db5c-92c9-11e0-bd88-00144feab49a.html#axzz1Oogtm7zq\">First lady struggles to live up to promises<\/a><br \/>\nBy Lina Saigol in London, Published: June 9 2011 20:00 | Last updated: June 9 2011<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Last January, Asma al-Assad stood up in front of an audience in Damascus and called on the people of Syria to play a more active role in society.<\/p>\n<p>Speaking at The First International Development Conference, Syria\u2019s first lady said citizens needed to become more vocal about the country\u2019s social and economic challenges and she pledged to give NGOs more freedom.<\/p>\n<p>Eighteen months later, Syrians are more than heeding her calls as thousands of protesters take to the streets daily demanding civil liberties and freedom in the face of a brutal government crackdown that has seen more than 1,000 people killed in 12 weeks.<\/p>\n<p>It is not the outcome Mrs Assad had hoped for when she married President Bashar al-Assad aged just 25 in 2001 with high hopes of empowering Syrians and helping rehabilitate the country after years of sanctions.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cAsma genuinely wanted to do good for her country, but she married into the mob,\u201d one family friend says.<\/p>\n<p>With a penchant for designer clothes, Mrs Assad seemed to represent the epitome of secular western-Arab fusion, leading many Syrians to believe she and her husband would be more tolerant than her late father-in-law\u2019s totalitarian regime.<\/p>\n<p>Soon after her marriage, Mrs Assad set up the country\u2019s first ever rural development NGO and another body aimed at enhancing youth employability and entrepreneurial spirit.<\/p>\n<p>Aided by the connections of her London-based father, Dr Fawaz Akhras, she also tried to internationalise these efforts, but they have suffered in recent weeks.<\/p>\n<p>Dr Akhras, a founder and co-chairman of the British Syrian Society, helped her establish the Syrian Heritage Foundation, a British-registered charity set up last year to promote and advance education in the arts, culture and heritage of Syria and the Levant.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><strong>Readers Comments:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Off the Wall:<\/strong><\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Posting this video, and discussing it and any attempt at analysis discredits a lot of the serious discussions we have been trying to have here, to which you have also contributed. I am confident that the truth about events in Latakia will emerge much sooner than it used to regardless of any attempt by any side to suppress the truth. At this stage, who is trying to instill sectarian violence in Syria is less important than stopping it dead in its place.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<blockquote><p>Let me be blunt, I am proud of the courage many Syrians are showing. It is relatively easy to participate in a demonstration for the president, being protected by agents, and even supplied, such as the case in Aleppo, with musical band and entertainment. But it takes courage to participate in a demonstration with political demands that challenges the status quo, known for being the one of the most repressive in the Arab world. I like courage, for it tells everyone that Syrians can no longer be pushed around or fooled. Courage is motivated primarily by recognition of ones rights, and belief in the justice of ones cause. Syrians asking for freedom, for the right to object and\/or agree have both motivations, hence comes their courage. The numbers belie the official press that it is only very tiny groups of infiltrators.<\/p>\n<p>However, Syrians, of all stripes, are likely to show even more of the same courage when confronted with an existential threat such as attempting to saw sectarian violence. And based on what I have been hearing, many in Latakia are confronting gangs and banding together despite of the stressful condition. Everyone I talked to is saying similar thing and they are willing to work with authorities to fight the gangs, no matter who these gangs are. Their priority again is to stop sectarian division dead in its place.<\/p>\n<p>The video you are pushing here was initially presented to entice fear and to ferment hatred. Neither emotion induces courage. They only breed blood lust, and manufacture rage against innocent people. Is this what you want?, the death of courage and the victory of blood lust&#8230;.? I hope not.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><strong>Nafdik<\/strong><\/p>\n<blockquote><p>I agree that we are facing a possibility of civil war. But we should be clear why this is the case. The reason civil war is a possibility is that because we have one party who wants freedom and the other that is willing to create genocide to avoid them reaching their goal.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><strong>Shami<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>This hatred towards the Syrian Muslims will not solve your problem. Assad  will be toppled sooner or latter. The Muslims are your eternal  neighbors not the Assadian moukhabarat.<\/p>\n<p>You have to face the reality as it is,the syrian muslims are the less  extremist people in the world, especially those of Hama  ,Aleppo,Homs,Latakkia and Jisr.<\/p>\n<p>It shows how corrupt are the minds of islamophobic christians and pro shia theocracy people here. We have our own culture and history wich is different from that of Asad  and his moukhabarat ,different from that the shia extremist minorities  and different from the islamophobic sentiment of some christians.<\/p>\n<p>You belong to Khomaini who got weapons from Israel secretly.\u00a0 And Ali Abass Shabiha were not Peshmerga from Iraq. It happens that many people you praise have long beards! But they belong to the theocracy of Qom.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<blockquote><p>The future is ours ! And you will taste the reality of Tadmor prison by yourself inshallah.<\/p>\n<p>Of course once we finish with asad ,we will have something to settle  with the SSNP and shia extremist theocrats in Lebanon.Their end is that  of this regime.This is the reason of their support and the hatred that  emanate from them here.<\/p>\n<p>One shoe of an honest person worth all asad criminal gang and cronies. The future is ours !<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><strong>abughassan<\/strong> said:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>I do not know how anybody can seriously deny the fact that Syrians have suffered a great deal due to oppression and corruption. The regime carries much of the blame but many others were part of the problem by being willful participants. the regime did not survive for 40 years just because it was brutal,it received a lot of help and made a lot of friends (sometimes for the wrong reasons).people who rightfully oppose the regime and the transformation of Syria into a Kingo-republic need to remember that Syria is still a third world country and read about how fragile and unstable Syrian governments were prior to 1970.<\/p>\n<p>They also must keep in mind how Lebanon became a tribal circus and how Iraq was converted into a sectarian shooting range despite elections and the glamor of western democracy (compare that to the safety Syrians enjoyed for 40 years). We all know how oppressive and brutal Saddam Hussein&#8217;s regime was (ironically,it was still better than the shia-ruled majority government today).<\/p>\n<p>France and England\u2019s sudden affection with the well-being of the Syrian people is nauseating knowing their despicable colonial history and how they divided the Middle East and created Israel,yet,many Syrians feel \u201cgrateful\u201d for the lip service they receive from those countries&#8230;.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><strong>Usama <\/strong>said:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>If it makes you feel any better I think Tadmor prison was one of the few good things Rif`at did for Syria. 30 years of peace and quiet. Why do you hate the SSNP exactly?<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><strong>ziadsoury <\/strong>said:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Usama,<\/p>\n<p>My friend was killed in Tudmor. He was 16 years old. He had nothing to do with the MB. All what the parents were told: SORRY wrong person. How many kids like my friend were in there by mistake? How many innocent people died in that massacre? I wonder how many people were tried and convicted by a legal court. Zero \u2026.and And you call that a good thing?<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><strong>Nour <\/strong>said:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Shami, You remind me of the person who said \u201cI am against sectarianism and against the Shia.\u201d<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><strong>Shami <\/strong>said:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Nour, I said extremist shias whose religion tell them to hate and to curse. They are divinized here by those who hate the moderate and middle way Islam of the syrian people.<\/p>\n<p>I have no hatred at all towards the moderate Shias that are able to be integrated into the mainstream body and to respect their environment.<\/p>\n<p>This is also valid when i attack the islamophobic Christians. Does that mean i\u2019m anti christian? Both of these haters exists and both of them cultivate hatred towards their environment. So they hold an historical problem with the dominant culture. This is their choice and i have to right to answer.<\/p>\n<p>The sectarians are those who cultivate a marginal culture which is constucted as anti thesis of the dominant culture with a lot of pasions, irrationality and hatred. Those kind of people would be happy if 20 000 millions Syrians die.<\/p>\n<p>Be sure ,that no normal people are capable of killing thousands in some  days other than these marginal minorities who feel bad in their  environment and who cultivate a centuries old hatred towards it.<\/p>\n<p>This is a known fact \u2026that doesn&#8217;t mean that the Syrian people will  massacre 10000\u2019s of  innocents as did asad in Hama ,Aleppo and in all  parts of Syria,this is impossible because our culture is different, this  is the difference. They are the same kind of people of those who collaborated with the Mongols and Crusaders in the annhilation of the umma.<\/p>\n<p>You don&#8217;t feel the suffering of the Syrian people ,because you belong to  Asad, Khomaini, Zakaria Butros not to the common culture in Syria  ,Palestine or Lebanon.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><strong>Nour <\/strong>said:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Shami:<\/p>\n<p>When you speak of a \u201cdominant culture\u201d in your country, then you are dripping with sectarianism. You seem to think anyone who is not \u201cSunni\u201d, according to your own understanding of what \u201cSunni\u201d is, is sectarian. You seem to think that the \u201cSunni\u201d majority, which you believe is the sector that subscribes to your own view of society and life, should rule and impose their \u201cculture\u201d on the others because it is the \u201cdominant\u201d culture. This is nonsense. The Syrians are one people and one society. There is no \u201cdominant\u201d culture and \u201crecessive\u201d culture in Syria. Do you seriously believe that you have different social values, customs, and traditions than the rest of the Syrians? Do you seriously believe that you are of a different social psyche? If so, then Syria would suffer greatly if it were to fall into the hands of people who subscribe to this line of thinking.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2011\/06\/10\/opinion\/10DeMesquita.html\">Op-Ed Contributors: How Tyrants Endure<\/a><br \/>\n2011-06-10<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>WHY do certain dictators survive while others fall?  Throughout history, downtrodden citizens have tried to throw off the  yoke of their oppressors, but revolutions, like those sweeping through  the Arab world, are rare.<\/p>\n<p>Despotic rulers stay in power by  rewarding a small group of loyal supporters, often composed of key  military officers, senior civil servants and family members or clansmen.  A central responsibility of these loyalists is to suppress opposition  to the regime. But they only carry out this messy, unpleasant task if  they are well rewarded. Autocrats therefore need to ensure a continuing  flow of benefits to their cronies.<\/p>\n<p>If the dictator\u2019s backers  refuse to suppress mass uprisings or if they defect to a rival, then he  is in real trouble. That is why successful autocrats reward their  cronies first, and the people last. As long as their cronies are assured  of reliable access to lavish benefits, protest will be severely  suppressed. Once the masses suspect that crony loyalty is faltering,  there is an opportunity for successful revolt. Three types of rulers are  especially susceptible to desertion by their backers: new, decrepit and  bankrupt leaders.<\/p>\n<p>Newly ensconced dictators do not know where the  money is or whose loyalty they can buy cheaply and effectively. Thus,  during transitions, revolutionary entrepreneurs can seize the moment to  topple a shaky new regime.<\/p>\n<p>Even greater danger lurks for the aging  autocrat whose cronies can no longer count on him to deliver the  privileges and payments that ensure their support. They know he can\u2019t  pay them from beyond the grave. Decrepitude slackens loyalty, raising  the prospects that security forces will sit on their hands rather than  stop an uprising, giving the masses a genuine chance to revolt. This is  what brought about the end of dictatorships in the Philippines, Zaire  and Iran.<\/p>\n<p>In addition to rumors of Zine el-Abidine Ben Ali\u2019s and  Hosni Mubarak\u2019s health concerns, Tunisia and Egypt suffered serious  economic problems that kindled rebellion. Grain and fuel prices were on  the rise, unemployment, particularly among the educated, was high and,  in Egypt\u2019s case, there had been a substantial decline in American aid  (later reinstated by President Obama). Mr. Mubarak\u2019s military backers,  beneficiaries of that aid, worried that he was no longer a reliable  source of revenue.<\/p>\n<p>As money becomes scarce, leaders can\u2019t pay  their cronies, leaving no one to stop the people if they rebel. This is  precisely what happened during the Russian and French revolutions and  the collapse of communist rule in Eastern Europe \u2014 and why we predicted  Mr. Mubarak\u2019s fall in a presentation to investors last May.<\/p>\n<p>Today\u2019s  threat to Bashar al-Assad\u2019s rule in Syria can be seen in much the same  light. With a projected 2011 deficit of approximately 7 percent of  G.D.P., declining oil revenue and high unemployment among the young, Mr.  Assad faces the perfect conditions for revolution. He may be cracking  heads today, but we are confident that either he will eventually enact  modest reforms or someone will step into his shoes and do so.<\/p>\n<p>Contagion  also plays an important part in revolutionary times. As people learn  that leaders in nearby states can\u2019t buy loyalty, they sense that they,  too, may have an opportunity. But it does not automatically lead to  copycat revolutions. In many nations, particularly the oil-rich Gulf  States, either there has been no protest or protest has been met with  violence. In Bahrain, for example, 60 percent of government revenue  comes from the oil and gas sector; its leaders have therefore faced few  risks in responding to protests with violent oppression.<\/p>\n<p>This is  because resource-rich autocrats have a reliable revenue stream available  for rewarding cronies \u2014 and repression does not jeopardize this flow of  cash. Natural resource wealth explains why the octogenarian Robert  Mugabe shows no sign of stepping down in Zimbabwe and the oil-rich Col.  Muammar el-Qaddafi has given little hint of compromise from the start in  Libya. As NATO bombs fall on Tripoli, however, Colonel Qaddafi is  discovering that he needs to convince remaining loyalists that he can  re-establish control over Libya\u2019s oil riches or they, too, will turn on  him. Sadly, if the rebels win, they are also likely to suppress freedom  to ensure their control over oil wealth.<\/p>\n<p>Regimes rich in natural  resources or flush with foreign aid can readily suppress freedom of  speech, a free press and, most important, the right to assemble. By  contrast, resource-poor leaders can\u2019t easily restrict popular  mobilization without simultaneously making productive work so difficult  that they cut off the tax revenues they need to buy loyalty.<\/p>\n<p>Such  leaders find themselves between a rock and a hard place and would be  wise to liberalize preemptively. This is why we expect countries like  Morocco and Syria to reform over the next few years even if their  initial response to protest is repression. The same incentive for  democratization exists in many countries that lack a natural reservoir  of riches like China and Jordan \u2014 a bad omen for authoritarian rulers  and good news for the world\u2019s oppressed masses.<\/p>\n<p>Bruce Bueno de  Mesquita and Alastair Smith are professors of politics at New York  University and the authors of \u201cThe Dictator\u2019s Handbook.\u201d<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The number of Syrian refugees fleeing the country&#8217;s north into Turkey has surpassed 2,000 while reports suggest that as many as 30,000 Syrian troops are massed near the town of Jisr al-Shughour, whose 60,000 citizens have largely left en masse. The stories coming out of the refugees paint a grisly picture of soldiers refusing orders [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"sfsi_plus_gutenberg_text_before_share":"","sfsi_plus_gutenberg_show_text_before_share":"","sfsi_plus_gutenberg_icon_type":"","sfsi_plus_gutenberg_icon_alignemt":"","sfsi_plus_gutenburg_max_per_row":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[96],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-10143","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-syria-revolution-2011"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v24.8.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>News Round Up (9 June 2011) - Syria Comment<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/joshualandis.com\/blog\/news-round-up-9-june-2011\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"News Round Up (9 June 2011) - Syria Comment\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The number of Syrian refugees fleeing the country&#8217;s north into Turkey has surpassed 2,000 while reports suggest that as many as 30,000 Syrian troops are massed near the town of Jisr al-Shughour, whose 60,000 citizens have largely left en masse. 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