Martina Schmitz (German) and her husband Markus have a passion for traveling to interesting and very remote places in Asia, Africa and the South Pacific. This year, Syria was on top of their list thanks to a trip that Martina’s aunt had made to the country last year.

Martina is a trained art historian and an archaeologist with an equally keen passion for music and art. Markus is a swiss lawyer based in Zürich. I have had the pleasure of knowing both in the Mid 1980’s when attending graduate school in New York. Having just returned from close to three week stay in Syria, I had urged both Martina and Markus to share with me their perspective and impressions of their trip. Set below is their report which I had decided to share with Syriacomment readers.

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Syria – magic ruins and 1001 nights, and a few other things

The tourism potential of Syria is immense. 5 sites on the UNESCO list and more than 15 lined up for it. Diverse landscapes from the dark stones of Bosra to the Fertile Crescent near Apamea to the deserts of Palmyra and mountains of the Dead Cities, it is all there. You can hear Aramaic, the language spoken at the times of Jesus; you can take a look at one of the first alphabets of mankind from Ugarit. Ancient monuments (I mean, really ancient, not just Roman) take turns with Islamic monuments, Christian monasteries and churches of all denominations, beautiful mosques and shrines, biblical places like St. Paul’s hiding place, castles of the crusaders, beautiful old merchant houses. You also find great souvenirs in the souks, authentic local products like soap from Aleppo or Zatta spices or the ubiquitous Sheeshas, all not made in China! And visit the legendary Baron Hotel in Aleppo which once accommodated Agatha Christie and T.E. Lawrence. Conclusion: This country has the stuff tourism longs for! Just don’t look for a decent foreign language bookshop or access to Facebook. And of course, no Coke ads or McDonalds yet. Thank God, you won’t find hardly any advertisement except Syria Tel. You are travelling in a fairyland and in a one-party one-family state. You feel totally safe, you travel without any stress, and hardly anyone bothers you. Although there are tourists in Syria, they are still few and far between. After 9/11 and the Iraq war, the tourism industry is trying hard to recover. European tourists in Syria still amount to only 1 million visitors annually1. Compare to Venice on a spring weekend: 150.000 tourists (this is true), or annually 20 million in 2007. In Syria, you are in another world.

The itinerary of a family trip through Syria2

We started out in Damascus (3 nights), visited Bosra from there, then went to the mountains to see the monasteries of Thekla and Sergius & Bacchus (1 night), briefly visited Tartus and continued to Hama (1 night), with stops at Krak des Chevaliers and Saladin’s castle, then Aleppo (3 nights), visited St. Simeon monastery from there, then ventured to the East with a brief stop at Assad Dam (1 night in Deir ez Zor), visited Rasafa in the desert and Dura Europos on the banks of the Euphrates and continued to Palmyra (2 nights) before terminating our trip in Damascus (1 night).

Damascus

Being the first stop on our trip, the ancient city of Damascus was of course an overwhelming experience. The old town is absolutely stunning and has a high tourist potential. It is breathtaking to walk these historic alleys. The things to see are numerous and very heterogeneous. But just flowing through the old town with the stream of people is an adventure in itself. There are things to see from all layers of history: The Street called Straight right out of the bible, Umayyad mosque, Roman city wall, Ottoman mosques and caravansaries, old Damascene Palaces like Dadah or Azem, Khans like Al Jumruk and the Souk Al-Hamidiyya, the Bimaristan Nuri Hospital from the heydays of Arabic culture, the amazing National Museum and the Hejaz train station, you can just keep on naming sights – and we did not even start to venture out of the old city like into Al Midan or Salihiya.

Fresh almonds in the souk

At the moment, you can see and feel that tourism is slowly restarting after the complete breakdown of 9/11. You see small groups of European (Italian, German, Swiss, French, Scandinavians) culture tourists and also some Americans strolling through the old city. There are some really nice boutique hotels around and more are opening. The Talisman 1 and 2 of Damascus will soon be joined by a Talisman 3 Hotel in Aleppo. Talisman 1 was very beautiful (highly recommended by us for any traveller to Damascus). The restaurants in the old town are numerous and of good quality. We’ve had some of the best Mezze here, in great places like Narcissus Restaurant, Beit Jabri or Cham House Restaurant.

Story teller in Damascus

The city has this 1001 nights feeling for the European tourist – and you can certainly sense where Venice got the inspiration from! People are distant, but very friendly. There is practically no hassle if you don’t want it. It is not like in Morocco or Egypt. If you seem interested in buying, the merchant starts haggling, but if not, he leaves you alone. No one runs after you with carpets or whatever, like in Morocco. We saw very few beggars. We saw women of all kinds, fully veiled and very modern. People looked at us, recognized our tourist status but left us in piece. With some shop owners, those who spoke English or French, we talked a bit. If you speak one or two phrases in Arabic, you receive a smile. With J., our excellent guide, we had serious and lengthy discussions. He was recommended to us by my aunt, she employed him as a guide last year. He was educated in Germany (East Germany in the early 80s), is very knowledgeable about history, but was also quite willing to talk about politics and religion. We talked A LOT about Middle Eastern Politics. Of course he would not lash out at the government but he was open and critical of certain aspects. So our experience in Syria was not at all only ancient, but we covered a lot of recent grounds as well.

A very special experience was the visit to the Shiite memorial for Mohammed’s granddaughter Zeynep outside of Damascus, on our way to Bosra. We decided for a quick stop and this turned into a truly memorable experience. To see the Shiite women in their religiosity, sadness and ecstasy was a very impressive moment for my daughter and me. We had been to mosques and of course to the Umayyad Mosque in Damascus, but never to a Shiite sanctuary. This visit left a lasting impression on us.

Aleppo

After travelling through western Syria for a week, we arrived in Aleppo. We were instantly fascinated by this ancient city. Like Damascus, this city offers so much to the tourist, it is simply ideal for a city trip. Our hotel was the Beit Wakil in the old town, a classic boutique hotel with a lot of taste and very austere rooms (great atmosphere – we loved the old radios). We immediately ventured into the souks we had heard so much about. It was a true oriental experience. If it smells good, you are in the soap souk. If it smells strong, you are where the spices are sold. Suddenly you enter the souk where fabrics are sold. Or artificial flowers. Or a Khan full of shoes. An alley full of slaughtered sheep. After a while, you are near the big mosque. You find pistachios and sweets. Have a tea.

Aleppo's Legendary Baron Hotel

The mosque, as in Damascus, is – contrary to western belief – a much more casual place than a Christian church. If you play by the rules, cover up and take off your shoes. My daughter and I sat inside with the women for quite some time. Women chat (with somber voices) kids play (quite wild running). Once you feel accustomed to the environment, it can even be a pleasant experience. We blended in, we didn’t disturb, we enjoyed.

We pass churches of so many denominations I cannot recall. By chance, we enter the Maronite Cathedral of Aleppo in Al Jdeida. We sit in the back and listen to the priests perform an ancient ritual. Fascinated by the sound of the singing. So different, so peregrine, so sincere. We loved it.

Back in the souks. It’s easy to get lost or to loose parts of your family. Don’t worry, you find them again. Have a nut. Smell perfume. Feel the silk. Look. Glance into eyes of women in veils passing by. Smile at kids. Come back next day.

Another day and a trip to St. Simeon. Early enough have the place almost to us. Then come the schoolchildren. They are all very eager to try the few words they know in English. Hello, how are you? Back to Aleppo, a visit to the Baron Hotel. We have read so much about this venerable hotel, of course we want to see it and have a drink there. We like it so much that we stay for lunch (which was excellent). It is an old hotel in dire need of a renovation – but it is a museum! Let it stay just like it is. You can just feel Agatha Christie and T.E. Lawrence sitting in the dining room.

Friday afternoon: the souks are empty, only a few shops are open. Some alleys are dark or closed altogether. A magic experience. You can hear distant sounds of the city, steps in the dark, some generators running. Was James Bond ever filmed here, or Jason Bourne? Great scenery, movie material.

Delicious food. One of the best restaurants was Beit Sissi (yes, named after Elisabeth of Austria) or also Khan Zeman. Mouthwatering.

Damascene Restaurant

Farewell from Aleppo. The souks are awake again. Flowing with the stream once more to one of the old Khans to take a look. A little man waves us up a staircase. Suddenly we are in another world, on top of the souks. A bizarre landscape with the towering citadel, the vaulted domes of the souk and hundreds of satellite dishes. In the distance, the new city, as far as one can see. Sounds reach us from below, and steam, and laughter. We can look down into the souks and watch and listen and smell. A magic farewell.

The concrete legacy

I fell in love with Syria 100 years ago when I studied the archaeological sites. I many ways, finally going there for the first time was like a déjà vu. I wish, though, I had seen it before someone (?) ruined especially the rural architecture with concrete. In fact, I will sign up with anyone who launches a concrete hate group on Facebook. All over the country we saw unfinished concrete buildings, even whole villages or quarters (like Palmyra). I felt like Asterix in “The mansions of the Gods”. Look that one up. That’s how large parts of Syria look like. And nowhere on our trip, as hard as we looked, did we see people working on these unfinished buildings except one (1) worker who was plastering a concrete wall. We are serious. We saw many people working but not on these ghost towns or ghost quarters. It seemed to us as if recently there must have been an incredible building boom that somehow got stuck. We asked our guide, we asked our driver, we asked other people we met. No one could give us an explanation why these building projects were not continued or finished. It remains a mystery to us. Sadly, a lot of the charm of the villages in the country has been lost due to this building frenzy.

Aliens in the shape of plastic bags

I joined the I Hate Plastic Bags group on Facebook before the trip but now I have all the more reason for it. I have seen other countries where there is no concept of recycling or collecting plastic bags, where poor people use them as food containers for their daily rice or soup. One country where these bags just lie around after use was Vietnam. But Syria was a lot worse. In fact, of the many villages we drove through, not a single one was without a serious littering problem. The bags were everywhere, myriads of them. It is not just an aesthetic problem. These bags don’t rot for a long time, and sheep die after swallowing them. There seemed to be no serious trash problem in the cities. We even saw see garbage collectors. And little trash in the alleys. The cities were clean compared to how the countryside looked; especially the inner cities with the historic sites were being taken care of. But the countryside looked pathetic. Unfinished concrete houses, plastic bags, concrete, plastic bags, concrete, plastic bags. The few communal sites, like the roundabout we saw on the way to Dura with a fountain and the usual Assad father and sons portraits, looked like leftovers from the Soviet Era. It had this desolate look and seemed unused for decades. And of course full of plastic bags. I can imagine that a concept like communal effort (everybody get together and pick those bags up) does not apply to Syria but it does apply to the communist or socialist countries I knew here in Europe. Therefore, I don’t understand why Syria, being a tightly run one-party one-family country, can’t solve this problem. Everybody get up and pick up the trash. Invent a national trash-pick up-day. What’s the problem? Am I too romantic?

Just like Indiana Jones

I have never seen more beautiful archaeological sites and excavations as in Syria. I was in awe over Bosra, Apamea, Rasafa, Dura and Palmyra. I have never seen more picturesque settings. The Dead Cities in the stunning landscapes of the Belos Mountains, the beautiful mosaics of Philippopolis, the perfect Roman theatre of Bosra, the aesthetic colonnades of Apamea, the staggering crusaders castle Krak des Chevaliers, the mystic desert city of Rasafa and the one-of-a-kind view over the Euphrates from Dura. But of course I have not seen all there is. There are tons of other sights to see (Zenobia, Mari, Ebla, Zenobia, Qualaat al Rahba, Qasr al-Heir ash-Sharqi, just to name a few).

Apamea Ruins

But what I saw was incredible. And we certainly have never seen more beautiful ruins all for ourselves. These ruins were waiting only for us four to visit them! No sweaty tourists, no hordes of souvenir sellers, no bad restaurants at the exit gates. No buses, no loud tour groups with little flags waving, no parades of German, Swiss or Italian culture tourists. No Americans. OK, there are some other tourists but there are so few you can easily avoid them. If there is a group ahead of you, slow down, have a Nana somewhere. They will leave soon, and the site will be quiet again and all yours.

The only place with a veritable tourism industry outside of Damascus and Aleppo is Palmyra. A little in Bosra, less at the Krak and Saladin fortresses, hardly anything in the Dead Cities. In other excavations like Dura, Apamea, Rasafa, Zenobia, chances are you will be on your own. But even in Palmyra you can have large parts of the excavations for yourself. Go for sunrise, before the buses come, or in the afternoon when they have left. Go for sunset, when the architectural reliefs come to life in the golden sun. Go at night when the site is lit. Take it in slowly, and meander into the ancient city.

So I found my personal ruins. Forget Rome, Pompeii, Athens or Delphi. Syria is much better. OK, I have not been to Egypt but I hear it’s crowded. I have not been to Iran but I have to wear a veil there. I have been to the Taj Mahal and had to get up at 4 am to get a halfway undisturbed view of the monument. It’s spoiled by tour groups after 5 am! In Pompeii, one load after the other poured in from the cruise ships. They touched the murals and even tried to scratch off paint. A fairground, a carnival. They yelled and smelled.

In Syria, everything was different. I remember Dura Europos – one highlight of our trip, an intriguing site to visit Syria’s east. The Hellenistic/Roman fortress city lies high overlooking the Euphrates: a magic view into Mesopotamia and a feeling of timelessness. The gate keeper, us four and a few archaeologists digging on the northern edge of the citadel. Except of what is in the Damascus National Museum, most of the town is still unearthed, thank God, and let’s leave it this way. What’s been underground for so long is safe for a few more years – and safe from tourist gawkers or Bedouin diggers.

And I remember how Rasafa appeared at the horizon of the desert, magically, windy, sandy. The little ticket booth, freshly painted, the gate keeper and us. The wind was so strong, we had to cover our faces Bedouin style. Lawrence of Arabia. Striking Rasafa, an ancient, long-abandoned city, once was a giant worshipping place for over 100.000 people, with a now ruined basilica for one of the stars among the early Byzantine martyrs, Roman soldier Sergius. For over a thousand years, Rasafa was a stopover for caravans to the orient. A bustling market town with Souks, filled with pilgrims and merchants who met in the middle of the desert. What remains today is a giant ruined city of sand colored stones rising out of the featureless desert – and the stories in our heads. And it’s worth it.

We’ll be back, Inshallah.

Written by Martina Schmitz

Photographs by Markus Hugelshofer

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